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Assessment and Evaluation of Effectiveness of Carbohydrate Counting Method and Standard Diabetic Diet on Metabolic Control in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2025-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Assessment and Evaluation of Effectiveness of Carbohydrate Counting Method and Standard Diabetic Diet on Metabolic Control in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Authors: TAJUDDIN PENDHARI, AYESHA Abstract: Abstract: Background: Carbohydrate counting is a meal-planning approach for individuals on a basalbolus insulin regimen, which helps with insulin dose adjustments based on the amount of carbohydrate intake in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. it is a chronic endocrine disorder requiring lifelong insulin therapy. Good glycemic control is needed to prevent complications and support normal growth in children and adolescents. Another dietary approach, the standard diabetic diet, follows fixed meal plans with constant carbohydrate distribution. A study has been planned to evaluate the effectiveness of these two approaches to identify the most suitable strategy for improving metabolic control in children and adolescents with T1DM. Methods: A study was conducted with 100 subjects randomized equally in two groups (control group n=50, intervention group n=50) aged 6 to 18 years. The intervention group used the carbohydrate-counting method while the control group followed a standard diet for 6 months. Data collected anthropometric measurements, biochemical profiles (fasting and post-prandial blood glucose), and 24 hr dietary recall, and daily insulin requirements were recorded at baseline and after the intervention at the 3rd month and 6 months for both groups. For data analysis and interpretation, descriptive statistics and Parametric tests were used. Results: The demographic variables of both groups had comparable baseline characteristics. The intervention group showed a significant reduction in mean HbA1c levels from 9.6 ± 2.0 to 8.5 ± 1.3 (P = 0.0124), along with a decrease in bolus insulin requirement, while no change was observed in the control group. The intervention and control groups showed a decrease in fasting and post-meal blood glucose levels; it was more pronounced in the study group, but not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that the carbohydrate counting method is effective in managing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in children. The intervention group showed a significant improvement in HbA1c levels. These findings highlight the importance of individualised nutrition therapy in managing Type 1 Diabetes in paediatric patients.

Effect of Integrated Yoga as an Adjuvant Therapy to Standard Care in Pulmonary Tuberculosis- A Randomized Control Trial

2024-05-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Effect of Integrated Yoga as an Adjuvant Therapy to Standard Care in Pulmonary Tuberculosis- A Randomized Control Trial Authors: Srinivas M Abstract: Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is highly infectious, predominantly affects the lungs and its functions, and is often associated with psychological comorbidities, including depression and poor quality of life. Yoga therapy emerged as a holistic mind-body practice and has positively impacted physical and mental health outcomes. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of integrated Yoga on Pulmonary Function tests, Depression, and Health-Related Quality of Life (QOL) in patients with PTB. Methodology: It was a Randomized control trial study design. The study has screened 826 PTB patients. Seventy-two newly diagnosed PTB patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria from a tertiary care hospital. They were randomly assigned to the Yoga group (n = 36) and Control group (n = 36) using a sequentially, numbered, opaque, sealed, envelope (SNOSE) technique. The control group patients were treated with standard care (Anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT)). The Yoga group patients were intervened with a validated Yoga module as an adjuvant to standard care. The Yoga module consisted of Yogic postures, Yogic breathing, and relaxation techniques, which lasted 45 minutes. Pulmonary Function tests were assessed using Spirometry, Health-Related Quality of Life was evaluated using the World Health Organisation Quality of Life BREF questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and Depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) for all the patients at baseline and post-intervention (after 8 weeks). Results: Data followed the normality, so data were analyzed using parametric tests between and within groups. Within-group analysis showed a significant improvement in pulmonary functions xvii scores FEV1, FVC, and % FEV1/FVC scores compared to baseline to 8th week, which were statistically significant with p < 0.0013, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 effect size 0.29, 0.45 and 0.91. Reduction in depressive symptoms in both the Control (p < 0.001; ES = 1.59) and Yoga (p < 0.001; ES = 3.61) groups were observed. Similarly, within-group comparison of Health-Related QOL scores showed significant improvement i.e., physical (p is less than 0.001), psychological (p is less than 0.001), and social (p is less than 0.001) except environmental domain is not significant with p = 0.893. However, the effect size (ES) was higher in the Yoga group compared to the control. Between-group comparison at the baseline there is insignificant values of Pulmonary Function Tests (FEV1 < 0.9551, FVC < 0.9641 and %FEV1/FVC < 0.8969), Health-Related Quality of Life scores (Physical Domain<0.633, Psychological Domain<0.699, Social Domain<0.653 and Environmental Domain <0.656) and Depression scores (<0.34) and after 8 weeks of intervention there is a significant improvement. Yoga group exhibited a significant reduction in depressive symptoms (<0.001), enhanced Health-Related Quality of Life scores (Physical Domain<0.001, Psychological Domain<0.002, Social Domain<0.001 and except Environmental Domain <0.283) and Depression scores (<0.34) and improvement in Pulmonary Function Tests (FEV1 < 0.001, FVC < 0.001 and %FEV1/FVC < 0.01) values compared to the Control group for between-group analysis. Conclusion: The research evidence endorses the use of Yoga as an adjuvant treatment for patients undergoing the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) to enhance their Pulmonary Function values, quality of life (QoL) scores, and reduced depression symptoms. Yoga may be incorporated into NTEP to improve physical and mental health. The present study is single-centred with short-term intervention hence multi-centric studies with long-term, robust design interventions are warranted.

Effect Of Pranayama and Yoganidra on Side Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Patients With Cancer of the Cervix- A Randomized Controlled Trial

2024-06-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Effect Of Pranayama and Yoganidra on Side Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Patients With Cancer of the Cervix- A Randomized Controlled Trial Authors: FJ Nuzhath. Abstract: Background: Cervical cancer is frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The treatment of cervical cancer helps in survival of the patient, but along with that it is associated with some after-effects which have to be addressed. Autonomic dysfunction, anxiety and depression, loss of appetite are the most usual side-effects which influences the QOL of cervical cancer sufferers. Yoga is known to reduce these complications which result from the standard of care. So Yoganidra and Pranayama which are considered to be the parts of Yoga can be implemented in the patients of cervical cancer to lessen these concomitants and to enhance the overall wellbeing of the patients. Methods: A sample of 70 cervical cancer patients was recruited. Participants were randomly allocated to experimental group (35) and control group (35). Yoganidra and Pranayama were taught for 30 minutes, twice a day, and 5 days a week for 6 weeks for experimental group along with standard of care. Control group was undergoing standard of care alone. Assessment was done by analyzing the HRV, QOL, anxiety & depression and appetite using AD HRV instrument, EORTC questionnaire, HADS questionnaire, and SNAQ questionnaire. RTOG guidelines were also used to assess the blood components and skin reactions resulted because of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The assessment was done at the baseline,2nd, 4t h and 6t h week. Results: Statistical analysis was done using non-parametric tests called Mann-Whitney for between the groups and Friedman ANOVA for within the groups comparison. The HRV scores, QOL scores, HADS scores, SNAQ scores and the blood component scores and skin reactions scores were compared between the experimental and control groups at different treatment time points. After 6 weeks of intervention, a significant improvement was noticed in the HRV, QOL and appetite scores, blood components (p<0.05) and significant decrease in anxiety and depression scores (p<0.05) were seen in the experimental group than control group. But the skin reactions have not shown much difference in both the groups. xviii Conclusion: Present study suggests that Pranayama and Yoganidra can be used as complementary therapies to standard of care to enhance autonomic functions, QOL, depression and anxiety, appetite, and radiotoxicity in cervical cancer. The results here explain that yoga can be used as an additional therapy in cervical cancer management.