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Association of macular thickness with Axial length & parapapillary atrophy in myopic eyes - A cross sectional study

Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Association of macular thickness with Axial length & parapapillary atrophy in myopic eyes - A cross sectional study Authors: Srilekha, R Mathapati; Chaitra, M C Abstract: Background: The risks of visual impairment, which include retinal detachment, posterior staphyloma, cataract, choroidal neovascularization, and macular hole, increase dramatically as myopia worsens. With modern imaging technology such as Optical coherence tomography (OCT), which provides high-resolution retinal images, measures retinal thickness with high repeatability.Aims & Objectives: To determine the macular thickness in > -0.5D myopic patients. To correlate macular thickness with axial length.Methodology: An Observational cross sectional study was conducted among 61 patients aged >18 years & <35 attending Out Patient Department of Ophthalmology at R. L. Jalappa Hospital and Research, Kolar. Results: The mean age of study participants was 27.6 + 3.8 years. The mean axial length was 26.5 + 1.35. The mean power of myopia was -3.97 + 1.56. The mean central macular thickness was 238.6 + 21.3. There was positive correlation found between axial length, and age. Also positive correlation found between power of myopia and central macular thickness. There was negative correlation found between power of myopia and central macular thickness and age. The negative correlation found between power of myopia and axial length as well as central macular thickness. There was no significant correlation between parapapillary atropy & macular thickness in myopic eyes. Conclusion: The macular thickness in myopic eyes is significantly influenced by axial length. A positive correlation was observed between axial length and age. These findings suggest that progressive axial elongation and increasing myopic power are associated with structural changes in the macula, which may predispose eyes to further complications.

Insights into Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia – A Case Study in Diagnosis and Management

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Insights into Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia – A Case Study in Diagnosis and Management Authors: Lekshmy, M S; Sangeetha, T Abstract: We report a case of Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in a thirtyyear- old female with Xeroderma pigmentosa who presented with complaints of pain, irritation, photophobia, foreign body sensation and a small mass, gradually increasing in size in the left eye. Examination revealed multiple diffuse mottled erythematous pigmentation over face suggestive of Xeroderma pigmentosa. On Slit lamp examination right eye was unremarkable with 6/6 vision whereas left eye with 6/12 vision showed a round, 1x1 cm lobulated, non-mobile, hard lesion with abnormal vasculature on nasal bulbar conjunctiva in interpalpebral area. CT orbit revealed a lobulated lesion involving inferomedial aspect of anterior surface of sclera showing contrast enhancement with no obvious deeper extensions and negative HIV test. She underwent excisional biopsy, followed by application of Mitomycin C and cryotherapy and later with an amniotic membrane graft on her left eye. Histopathological analysis revealed moderately differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma that extended into all horizontal and deep surgical margins. As a result, adjuvant treatment with topical interferon alpha 2B was initiated. At the 10- month postoperative visit, her visual acuity was 6/9, improving to 6/6 with a pinhole test, and no clinical evidence of recurrent squamous cell carcinoma was observed.

Effects of Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection on Diabetic Macular Edema

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Effects of Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection on Diabetic Macular Edema Authors: Bhavishy, Gummalla; Chaitra, MC Abstract: Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common complication of diabetes, leading to fluid accumulation in the macula and resulting in vision impairment. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, DME poses a significant public health challenge. Intravitreal ranibizumab, a VEGF inhibitor, has shown promise in treating DME by reducing retinal vascular permeability and improving visual outcomes. Clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy and safety, establishing it as a key treatment option. Aims & amp; Objectives: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal ranibizumab injection on diabetic macular oedema patients as well as on Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) and on CMT in SD-OCT. Methodology: A prospective study was conducted among 136 patients who were suffering from Diabetic macular oedema and visited the Department of Ophthalmology, R. L. Jalappa Hospital and Research, Kolar. Data were collected in semistructured questionnarie and analysed by using SPSS software. Results: The mean age of study participants was 56.2 years. Total 51.5% were males and remaining 48.5% were females. Mean CMT before injection was 420.5 ± 78.4 and after injection was 385.2 ± 72.1 respectively. Mean logMAR before injection was 1.045 ± 0.5 and after injection was 0.885 ± 0.48 respectively. Conclusion: The present study concludes that a single dose of 0.5 mg of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab seems to be effective in decreasing the CMT and improving VA in patients with DME.

Eye in the skin- A review article

Wed, 01 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Eye in the skin- A review article Authors: Chaitra, M C.; Ramanjanayalu, M Abstract: 1. Introduction There is a common embryogenic origin for skin, mucous membranes & corneal epithelium, deriving from surface epithelium. The position between the surface of eye and the eyelids results in “innocent bystander” ocular damage affecting the skin of the eyelids till the eyelid margin. Cicatricial pemphigoid, xeroderma pigmentosum Vogt- Koyanagi-Harada syndrome & eczema, may result in an autoimmune attack of both conjunctiva & skin. Ocular pathologies associated with skin diseases may involve any part of the eye or its adnexae. Skin diseases which involve the eye can be grouped as (Table 1) 2. Bullous Vesicular Disorders 2.1. Pemphigus Lids, conjunctiva, cornea, lens & iris are involved rarely.1 Cnjunctival bullae & catarrhal or purulent conjunctivitis are seen mostly involving the palpebral conjunctiva2 with * Corresponding author. E-mail address: drchaitramc@gmail.com (Chaitra M C). edema, purulent discharge, & erythema.1,3 In P. foliaceus entropion, trichiasis of both lids leading to corneal damage & in 5% of cases. In few red, nodular iris lesions may be seen. 2.2. Cicatricial pemphigoid Unilateral as chronic, recurrent catarrhal conjunctivitis, but later becomes bilateral. Stage 1 – Subepithelial fibrosis Stage 2 - fornix foreshortening Stage 3 - symblepharon-hallmark Stage 4 – ankyloblepharon & surface keratinization. Obstruction of lacrimal ductules & mebomian gland ducts leading to unstable tear film. Trichiasis, entropion due to subepithelial fibrosis with corneal neovascularization, keratopathy & corneal ulceration & scarring.4 2.3. Bullous pemphigoid Fine striae of tarsal subepithelial fibrosis.