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Efficiency of Bimanual Hand Coordination among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Adults: A case - Control Study

Thu, 01 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Efficiency of Bimanual Hand Coordination among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Adults: A case - Control Study Authors: Taitiksh, Jakhar1; Ashwini, K Shetty2; Jagadamba, Aswathappa3; Srinivasa, SV4 Abstract: Introduction: Distal Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN), which first affects the lower limbs and then the upper limbs, is one of the common complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). In addition to DPN, diabetic patients have lower muscle quality than non diabetic patients, which is exacerbated by longer duration of diabetes and poor glycaemic control. Diabetic induced peripheral neuropathy and changes in the muscle strength may interfere with bimanual coordination, which refers to a wide range of situations in which the brain must control multiple movements at the same time such as performing a task with two hands. Aim: To assess and compare Efficiency Index (EI) of bimanual coordination in T2DM and controls. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted conducted in the Department of Physiology at Shri RL Jalapa Hospital, Kolar, Karnataka, India, from August 2019 to September 2019. The study included 50 participants, 25 with T2DM and 25 age-matched controls. The bimanual hand coordination test apparatus was used to assess the efficiency of bimanual hand coordination. The data obtained was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 57.16±9.54 years and controls was 54.15±5.52 years and were age-matched with p-value >0.426. Mean HbA1c of the cases was 8.36±1.88 mmol/mol. There was significant decrease in efficiency of bimanual coordination among type 2 diabetics as compared to non diabetics (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed a decrease in bimanual coordination efficiency among diabetics, indicating the importance of performing hand function tests in T2DM alongside other routine examinations.

Effect of mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations on oxidative stress and feeding behaviour in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats

Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Effect of mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations on oxidative stress and feeding behaviour in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats Authors: Pravallika, Pagadala; Vinutha Shankar, M S.; Sumathi, M E Abstract: Objectives: Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from mobile phones is known to produce a stress response because of its effect on hypothalamus. Mobile phones have become an integral part of our lives with increasing usage not only in terms of number of users but also increase in talk time. The present study aimed to study the effect of mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations on oxidative stress and feeding behaviour assessment in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods: Twelve male SD rats of 10–12 weeks old, weighing 180–220 g, were housed and allowed to acclimatise in a room with 12:12 h light-dark cycle with ad libitum amount of food and reverse osmosis (RO) water before the start of the study. Then, rats were divided into control and RF-EMR exposed groups, and everyday feed intake and body weight were measured. At the end of the study period, blood sample was collected through retro orbital puncture for biochemical investigations. Results: The present study showed significant increase in malondialdehyde and serum corticosterone levels and decrease feeding behaviour in rats exposed to RF-EMR in rats exposed to RF-EMR. Conclusion: This study proves that mobile RF-EMR causes oxidative stress and oxidative damage leading to decreased feeding behaviour in SD rats.

Assessment of Motor function in mice model of Parkinson's Disease

Wed, 01 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Assessment of Motor function in mice model of Parkinson's Disease Authors: GEETHA., S; VINUTHA, SHANKAR Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. There is degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia leading to manifestation of motor symptoms of rigidity, resting tremors, bradykinesia and postural instability. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the behavioral changes in mice model of PD to validate a PD model, study the etiology and pathogenesis of PD, identify potential therapeutic targets, and develop drugs as a cure for this disease. This article gives a summary of six, established tests of motor function including locomotion test, rotarod test, narrow beam walking test, pole test, adhesive dot removal test and hanging test. This article provides information regarding the apparatus required for the tests, procedure for conducting these tests, expertise required in handling the animals to conduct the test, variables tested and ease of conduct of the test. This article aims to provide guidance to budding researchers working with mice models of PD in selecting the appropriate tests of motor function for preclinical research.

Does gender influence P300 latency and Mini Mental State Examination score in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients?

Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Title: Does gender influence P300 latency and Mini Mental State Examination score in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients? Authors: Bhanu, R; Vinutha Shankar, M S; Pramodh, V Abstract: Background: P300 event-related potentials (ERPs) is an electrophysiologic marker of cognitive ability which closely reflects cognitive functions. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes many complications. Diabetes mellitus-induced damage to the central nervous system is a key focus of research. Latest Magnetic resonance imaging evidence suggested that the changes in anatomy of brain is more rapidly seen in males than in females. This study was carried out to study the gender variations in P300 latency and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Aim and Objective: To study the influence of gender on MMSE score as well as P300 ERP. Materials and Methods: 30 diagnosed Type 2 Diabetics aged above 40 years, with more than 2 years duration of diabetes were included in this study. MMSE questionnaire was administered to each diabetic and P300 was recorded using RMS EMG EP MARK 2 machine in all the diabetics. Results: The P300 ERP of male diabetics was prolonged significantly with mean ± standard deviation (SD) of (347.01 ± 31.55) whereas female diabetics had a mean ± SD of (318.26 ± 28.22; P = 0.014) and no significant difference was found between the mean MMSE scores of male diabetics (26.06 ± 1.38) and female diabetics (26.13 ± 1.30). Conclusion: The change in P300 ERP is swifter in males when compared with females in the middle to old age. Compared to MMSE, P300 Latency is a sensitive electrophysiological tool for diagnosing early cognitive deterioration in T2DM.