IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF CD 24 IN CYTOTROPHOBLAST, SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLAST, BLOOD VESSELS, VILLOUS STROMA IN PLACENTA OF PREECLAMPSIA

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Pre eclampsia is a multifactorial hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and a cause of preventable maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Pre eclampsia is diagnosed by sudden onset hypertension (>20weeks of gestation) and atleast one associated complication including proteinuria, maternal organ dysfunction or uteroplacental dysfunction like fetal growth restriction. CD24 shows expression on villous tissues and circulating immune cells. Normally in normal pregnancy CD24 blocks macrophages and supports the growth of the placenta by inhibiting action of immune tolerance. Therefore, CD24 reduction in early Pre eclampsia may be linked to increased rejection of the placenta, its reduced expression may be associated with early cases of Pre eclampsia. AIM AND OBJECTIVE 1. To determine the immune histochemistry expression of CD 24 in placenta of pre clampsia. 2. To compare the Expression of CD24 in normal placenta and pre eclampsia placenta MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed in Department of Pathology in association with Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College attached to RLJH and Research Center, Tamaka, Kolar during the period of September 2022 to December 2023. The study included a total of 154 placenta cases that included 77 pre-eclampsia placentas and 77 normal healthy controls. IHC was performed using antibodies against CD 24 and expression of CD 24 n was analysed and interpreted. CD 24 was compared among the cases and the controls and was also correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Statistical analysis was performed RESULTS Low expression of C D 24 was seen in majority of pre clampsia cases and control group in syncytiotrophoblast ,cytotrophblast ,villous stroma and blood vessels xxi CONCLUSION Pre eclampsia is evolving as an important pregnancy complication as it is multifactorial in nature and linked to many factors like immunotolerance. CD 24 marker of immunotolerance is low in syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, blood vessels and villous stroma of both pre eclampsia and normal placenta. More studies using CD24 -Siglec-10 markers is needed to confirm the same.