SONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF GALLBLADDER MORPHOLOGY AND MOTILITY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS – A CASE CONTROL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent endocrine disorder that is currently increasing in prevalence due to the progress of modern lifestyles. The purpose of this research was to sonographically compare the gall bladder morphology and motility between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Aim:  To assess the gallbladder volume (fasting & postprandial) and wall thickness in patients with Type II Diabetes mellitus.  To evaluate motility & morphological factors between diabetic and nondiabetic individuals.  To determine association of gallbladder volumes and contractility index with duration of diabetes. Methodology: This case control observational study was conducted at Department of Radiodiagnosis, R.L.Jalappa Hospital and Research Centre, attached to Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, to sonographically compare the gall bladder morphology and motility between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. For this, type 2 DM cases and non-diabetic controls were included in the study. All patients underwent ultrasound examination of gall bladder to assess their morphology and motility. Results: Mean fasting gall bladder volume was significantly larger in DM patients as compared to non-DM subjects (36.75 ± 11.93 vs 30.80 ± 7.18 ml, p value < 0.01). Similarly, mean post-prandial gall bladder volume was significantly larger in DM patients as compared to non-DM subjects (23.27 ± 8.93 vs 18.35 ± 6.10ml, p value < 0.01). Among non-DM xvii subjects a significantly negative correlation was observed between fasting GB volume and BMI (r= -0.27, p value < 0.05). Among DM patients, fasting GB volume was significantly correlated with BMI (r=0.5, p value < 0.001) and duration of DM (r = 0.704, p value < 0.001). Also, among DM patients, postprandial GB volume was significantly correlated with FBS (r= 0.25, p value < 0.05), BMI (r=0.57, p value < 0.001) and duration of DM (r = 0.75, p value < 0.001). Conclusion: Routine abdominal ultrasound should thus be recommended in the evaluation of type 2 diabetics, especially in those with long duration of illness and for early detection of gallbladder pathologies.