Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin as a non‑surgical option for upper eyelid retraction in active thyroid‑associated ophthalmopathy: a prospective interventional study

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://dspace.sduaher.ac.in/jspui/handle/123456789/9960

Title:	Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin as a non‑surgical option for upper eyelid retraction in active thyroid‑associated ophthalmopathy: a prospective interventional study
Authors:	Vinay Kumar, Sonali Mishra, Sanjay Kumar Sati, Alok V. Kumar, Natasha
Keywords:	Botulinum toxin · Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy · Eyelid retraction · Non-surgical treatment · Marginal reflex distance-1 (MRD-1) · Vertical palpebral fissure height (VPFH)
Issue Date:	Jul-2025
Publisher:	Springer
Abstract:	Aim This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of upper eyelid retraction in patients with active thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).
URI:	https://dspace.sduaher.ac.in/jspui/handle/123456789/9960
Appears in Collections:	Medicine

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